In both reported data and theoretical data, the decline of ISFET conductance is noticeable when the pH level increases. Also, the conductance curve is almost symmetric near V CNP, while at a large carrier concentration of about 350 to 400 μS, a saturation behavior is depicted. Comparing both experimental data and theoretical data depicted in Figure 5 reveals that when the concentration of hydrogen ions changes from pH = 7 to pH = 8, ISFET conductance decreases about 5 μS. Also, as shown in Figure 8a,b,c, each graph shows a particular value of pH. For example, when the pH

value is 8, it is notable that the model is closer to the blue line (experimental data), and also in the different pH values, we can compare other ion concentrations as well. HDAC inhibitor An innovative

analysis of matching models using the different values in experimental Small molecule library data is presented in this work to verify that the conductivity of the graphene-based ISFET is moved down vertically at higher pH values. The ion-sensitive FET structure was used with monolayer selleck inhibitor graphene prepared by CVD and grown in large size on pieces of p-doped Si covered with a 300-nm substrate to measure pH changes [42]. In this study, one can claim that pH changes in the electro-active membrane will significantly and vertically shift the value of conductance in graphene (G with pH) that occurred due to ion adsorption on the surface area of the monolayer graphene sheet of the ISFET channel. Also, it is notable that the temperature

remains constant (about 25°C in solution) in the suggested model as the temperature can have an effect on the behavior of the sensing parameter as well. Conclusions Graphene with sp 2-bonded carbon atoms has considerable NADPH-cytochrome-c2 reductase potential on bio-sensing materials and electrochemical applications. The emerging potentials of nanostructured graphene-based ISFETs with high sensitivity and ability to readily detect have been applied to electrochemical catalysis through pH sensing. The conductance of an ISFET device with different pH values can be displayed by the ion concentration of the solution. In this research, the conductance of graphene is assumed as a function of pH levels (G with pH ≈ pH), which shows the pH factor. Measurements show decreasing conductivity when the pH value of the electrolyte is increased. Especially in V CNP, the changed conductance values are clearly depicted. The suggested model verifies the reported experimental data as well. In other words, based on the good agreement between the presented analytical model and experimental data, can be seen as a pH factor to predict graphene behavior in graphene-based ISFETs. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Research University grant of the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia, under Project Q.J130000.7123.02H24.