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the multiple LVAs were completed without complications. The onset of postoperative cellulitis and edematous aggravation of the limb that received the minimally invasive preventive LVA procedure was not noted in any patient during 6-month follow-up period. This minimally invasive preventive LVA procedure might prevent lymphedema and improve the physical appearance of the limb with minimal scarring. Long-term follow-up will be necessary to monitor the future progression of edema in these patients. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:372–376, 2014. “
“Background: Several methods have been used in the management of humeral nonunions. With the advent of modern microsurgical techniques, vascularized bone grafting is becoming increasingly used to improve local biology. We report MI-503 clinical trial our experience in the use of a vascularized corticoperiosteal bone flap from the medial

femoral supracondylar region in the treatment of recalcitrant humeral nonunions. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients treated with this technique over a 4-year period within our institution. Patient demographics, nonunion characteristics, complications, and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Results: Six patients underwent vascularized periosteal graft reconstruction. Prior to this, all had failed an average of three procedures with the length of nonunion ranging from 6 to 68 months. All six nonunions healed by an average of 6.8 months (range 2–12 months). Two patients required additional secondary procedures. Functional outcome improved PF-01367338 cost in all patients as

adjudged by disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand, Mayo elbow performance, and Constant Murley scores. Conclusions: The vascularized medial femoral condyle corticoperiosteal flap provides an additional treatment option for the management of humeral nonunions. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011. “
“In this study, Tacrolimus (FK506) the role of valproic acid (VPA) in protecting motoneuron after brachial plexus root avulsion was investigated in adult rats. Sixty rats were used in this study, and underwent the brachial plexus root avulsion injury, which was created by using a micro-hemostat forceps to pull out brachial plexus root from the intervertebral foramen. The animals were divided into two groups, VPA group administered with VPA dissolved in drinking water (300 mg/kg) daily, and control group had drinking water every day. The spinal cords (C5-T1) were harvested at day 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28 for immunohistochemistry analysis, TUNEL staining, Nissl staining, and electron microscopy, respectively. The results showed that with VPA administration, the survival of motoneurons was promoted and the cell apoptosis was inhibited.