(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3660745]“
“Exposure to an elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) generally decreases leaf N CP-456773 cost content per unit area (N-area) and stomatal density, and increases

leaf thickness. Mature leaves can ‘sense’ elevated [CO2] and this regulates stomatal development of expanding leaves (systemic regulation). It is unclear if systemic regulation is involved in determination of leaf thickness and N-area-traits that are significantly correlated with photosynthetic capacity. A cuvette system was used whereby [CO2] around mature leaves was controlled separately from that around expanding leaves. Expanding leaves of poplar (Populus trichocarpaxP. deltoides) seedlings were exposed to elevated [CO2] (720 mu mol mol(-1)) while the remaining mature leaves inside the cuvette were under ambient [CO2] of 360 mu mol mol(-1). Reverse treatments were performed. Exposure of newly developing leaves to elevated [CO2] increased their thickness, but when mature leaves were exposed to elevated [CO2] the increase in thickness of new leaves was less pronounced. The largest response to [CO2] was reflected in the palisade tissue thickness (as opposed to the spongy tissue) of new leaves. The N-area of new leaves was unaffected by the local [CO2] where the new leaves developed, but decreased following the exposure

of mature leaves PRIMA-1MET manufacturer to elevated [CO2]. Selleck Trichostatin A The volume fraction of mesophyll cells compared with total leaf and the mesophyll cell density changed in a manner similar to the response of N-area. These results suggest that N-area is controlled independently of the leaf thickness, and suggest that N-area is under systemic regulation by [CO2] signals from mature leaves that control mesophyll cell division.”
“Takayasu’s arteritis (TA), also known as the “”pulseless disease,”" is a chronic vasculitis of the aorta and aortic branches. TA with Crohn’s disease is rare and has not been documented in China before. In this paper we report on a case of Takayasu’s arteritis associated with concurrent

Crohn’s disease. A 17-year-old Chinese male developed upper limb sourness and a sensation of fatigue, and his upper limb pulses were absent. He was diagnosed with TA and underwent an axillary artery bypass with autologous great saphenous vein on the left subclavian artery. After the surgery, he regained the normal blood pressure. This patient also had years of diarrhea and developed an anal canal ulcer, and was diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis before. Five months after the TA surgery, he was hospitalized for severe stomachache and diarrhea and was finally diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for concurrent existence of TA and Crohn’s disease may be associated with immune disorders, especially autoimmunity.