1 mmol/L (2 1–7 1 mmol/L), potassium of 4 3 mmol/L (3 5–5 1 mmol/

1 mmol/L (2.1–7.1 mmol/L), potassium of 4.3 mmol/L (3.5–5.1 mmol/L),

bicarbonate of 7 mmol/L (22–32 mmol/L), C-reactive protein (CRP) of 162 mg/L (0–5 mg/L), a mild thrombocytopenia to 67 × 109/L (140–400 × 109) and neutrophilia to 15.9 × 109/L (2–8 × 109/L). Urinalysis showed proteinuria to 10 g/L and erythrocyturia (500 × 106/L). A glomerulonephritis screen was unremarkable except for minor elevations in Kappa free light chains to 46 mg/L (3–19 mg/L), Lambda free light chains to 31 mg/L (6–26 mg/L) Saracatinib and serum protein electrophoresis revealed total protein depletion to 51 g/L (60–83 g/L) and albumin to 31 g/L (35–50 g/L). Remarkably, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) rose from 304 U/L (150–280 U/L) at presentation to a maximum of 1360 U/L 2 days later, decreasing back to 564 U/L prior to discharge. Coagulation, haemolysis and infectious screens were negative (Blood Selleckchem Idasanutlin cultures, HIV, Hepatitis B and C, Influenza A and B, Parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, Human Metapneumovirus, Respiratory Syncitial virus, Adenovirus, Q fever, Leptospiria, Cytolomegalovirus, Ebstein Barr Virus). Renal biopsy revealed severe acute tubular necrosis (ATN) (Fig. 1). Histopathology reporting commented on the glomeruli as having ‘a mild increased in mesangial matrix but no hypercellularity.

Capillary loops appear normal in H/E and special stains. There are no features of thrombotic microangiopathy’. Furthermore there was no evidence of fibrinoid necrosis or pathological evidence of haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Uniquely this case is notable for both severity of clinical

and histological features of ATN. It presented dramatically with significant loin pain and an unexpectedly high rise in LDH. Westhuyzen et al. demonstrated that early LDH rise helps to predict ATN,[1] it was disproportionate in our case. Despite the histopathological changes of ATN being described as inconsistent and often subtle or mild,[2] the severity of ATN in this biopsy was marked. the Often, morphological changes of ATN do not correlate well clinically.[3] In our case, histological severity was reflected in the profound clinical presentation. We report here a case of ATN with unusual presenting symptoms and clinically severe features. Our case was notable for the marked disproportionate rise in LDH at presentation, presence of severe loin pain and correlation of severe histological changes with profound clinical picture. “
“This review evaluates the benefits and harms of antiviral medications as prophylaxis after solid organ transplant (kidney, heart, liver, lung, pancreas) to prevent CMV disease. This includes prophylaxis with antiviral medications compared with placebo or no treatment, the comparative efficacy and safety of different antiviral medications and of different durations of the same antiviral agent.

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