amethystinum and the oxygenated sesquiterpene caryophyllene oxide (21.6%) in the oil of E. alpinum. Overall, 32 and 35 constituents were detected in the essential oils of the aerial parts

of E. alpinum and E. amethystinum, respectively, representing 92.4 and 93.1% of the total oil compositions. The essential oils of both Eryngium species were proved to reduce the number of lesions in the local host Chenopodium quinoa infected with cucumber mosaic virus and an associated satellite. This is the first investigation of antiphytoviral activity of essential oils of Eryngium species.”
“Three channel reaches with different habitat characteristics were selected to test the variability in community CCI-779 structure of benthic macroinvertebrates by comparing the relative abundance of functional feeding groups among the reaches. The important factors influencing the spatial and temporal organization of PR-171 Proteases inhibitor community structure were explored using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS). The habitat characteristics in the reaches were different in terms of habitat type, hydrological factors, and substrate composition. The first headwater reach was classified as a step-pool reach with similar relative areas of riffle and pool habitats.

The second mid-reach and the third down reach had greater areas of pool habitat followed by runs and riffles whose proportions were similar between the latter two reaches. The relative abundances of functional feeding groups were different among the surveyed reaches. Gammarid shredders predominated in the upper reach, and

chironomid collector-gatherers and collector-filterers were in greater abundance in the two lower reaches. The proportions of gammarids were minor in the mid and downstream reaches. NMS ordination indicated that the proportion of substrates <8 mm, discharge, and water depth mainly determined the spatial and temporal distribution of samples based on the macroinvertebrate community in the study reaches. These results suggest that different habitat characteristics result in a distinct community structure in each reach. (C) Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2012. Published by Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.”
“We propose a new technique for general purpose, semi-interactive and multi-object segmentation in N-dimensional images, applied HSP990 to the extraction of cardiac structures in MultiSlice Computed Tomography (MSCT) imaging. The proposed approach makes use of a multi-agent scheme combined with a supervised classification methodology allowing the introduction of a priori information and presenting fast computing times. The multi-agent system is organised around a communicating agent which manages a population of situated agents which segment the image through cooperative and competitive interactions. The proposed technique has been tested on several patient data sets. Some typical results are finally presented and discussed.