The USDA currently has no clear methodology for evaluating algal biomass producers within the agricultural landscape. The uncertainty in algae’s eligibility under agriculture is further exacerbated by insufficient communication about algal policies between the USDA’s national leadership and its state and regional offices. The USDA’s work, including decisions on application of policies to various USDA state offices, is primarily carried out in the field through more local offices, but while the national office claims

jurisdiction over algae, there is again no learn more precedent for state offices to follow. For example, the USDA’s five Regional Biomass Centers, which are designed to lead research in sustainable biomass production, currently specifically exclude algae to avoid DOE overlap (Steiner 2011). Extension services, such as those provided under the Smith-Lever Act, would be appropriate to link regional USDA centers with local institutions and algae cultivators to develop methodology for evaluating algal biomass production under the agricultural framework. Another notable barrier is the lack of an overall algae-specific plan to move www.selleckchem.com/products/sis3.html algae past R&D and into the formative stages of commercialization. The DOE has Selleckchem MG132 written an algae-specific

roadmap, but this is primarily a summary of technologies that were available at the time and directions for R&D, without specific suggestions for moving into development and commercial stages (U.S. DOE 2010). Since then, a number of reports have been published agreeing that commercialization of

algae, particularly for biofuels, is feasible given certain improvements in the production process (NRC 2012; ANL et al. 2012). Furthermore, since these reports, tuclazepam many of these improvements have been made and technologies have been developed that successfully demonstrate the ability to sustainably cultivate and harvest algae on large scales. While continued R&D is imperative to maintain and drive such improvements in the overall production process, it is now more important than ever for federal agencies to map out the next stage of the scale-up process. The overlapping jurisdiction of algae, lack of a national plan, and specifically the assumption of major responsibility by the DOE, has caused the focus of algal policies to primarily revolve around its downstream use for energy, and to overlook expansion of policies that would support its most basic properties as a crop. Consistent, long-term federal policies are essential for scaling up biomass production of algae for energy, carbohydrates, protein and many other products (U.S. DOE 2012).